optimos :: Eq b => (b -> b -> Bool) -> (a -> b) -> [a] -> [a]

optimos (<) length ["ab","c","de","f"]  ==  ["c","f"]
optimos (>) length ["ab","c","de","f"]  ==  ["ab","de"]

-- 1ª definición
-- =============

optimos1 :: Eq a => (b -> b -> Bool) -> (a -> b) -> [a] -> [a]
optimos1 r f xs =
    [x | x <- xs, null [y | y <- xs, x /= y, r (f y) (f x)]]

-- 2ª definición
-- =============

optimos2 :: Eq b => (b -> b -> Bool) -> (a -> b) -> [a] -> [a]
optimos2 r f xs = [x | x <- xs, f x `elem` ms]
    where ms = maximales r (map f xs)

-- (maximales r xs) es la lista de los elementos de xs para los que no
-- hay ningún otro elemento de xs mayor según la relación r. Por
-- ejemplo,
--    maximales (>) [2,3,4,6]                     ==  [6]
--    maximales (<) [2,3,4,6]                     ==  [2]
--    maximales (\x y -> mod x y == 0) [2,3,4,6]  ==  [4,6]
--    maximales (\x y -> mod y x == 0) [2,3,4,6]  ==  [2,3]
maximales :: Eq a => (a -> a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [a]
maximales r xs = [x | x <- xs, null [y | y <- xs, y /= x, r y x]]

-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================

--    λ> length $ optimos1 (>) length [replicate n 'a' | n <- [1..1000]]
--    1
--    (16.74 secs, 153,957,400 bytes)
--    λ> length $ optimos2 (>) length [replicate n 'a' | n <- [1..1000]]
--    1
--    (0.64 secs, 85,520,896 bytes)