subconjuntosSuma:: [Int] -> Int -> [[Int]] tal que

λ> subconjuntosSuma [3,34,4,12,5,2] 9
[[4,5],[3,4,2]]
λ> subconjuntosSuma [3,34,4,12,5,2] 13
[]
λ> length (subconjuntosSuma [1..100] (sum [1..100]))
1

import Data.Array
import qualified Data.Matrix as M
import Data.Maybe
import Data.List
import Test.QuickCheck

-- 1ª definición (Calculando todos los subconjuntos)
-- =================================================

subconjuntosSuma1 :: [Int] -> Int -> [[Int]]
subconjuntosSuma1 xs n =
  [ys | ys <- subsequences xs, sum ys == n]

-- 2ª definición (por recursión)
-- =============================

subconjuntosSuma2 :: [Int] -> Int -> [[Int]]
subconjuntosSuma2 _  0 = [[]]
subconjuntosSuma2 [] _ = []
subconjuntosSuma2 (x:xs) n
  | n < x     = subconjuntosSuma2 xs n
  | otherwise = subconjuntosSuma2 xs n ++
                [x:ys | ys <- subconjuntosSuma2 xs (n-x)]

-- 3ª definición (por programación dinámica)
-- =========================================

subconjuntosSuma3 :: [Int] -> Int -> [[Int]]
subconjuntosSuma3 xs n =
  map reverse (matrizSubconjuntosSuma3 xs n ! (length xs,n))

-- (matrizSubconjuntosSuma3 xs m) es la matriz q tal que q(i,j) es la
-- lista de los subconjuntos de (take i xs) que suman j. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> elems (matrizSubconjuntosSuma3 [1,3,5] 9)
--    [[[]],[],   [],[],   [],     [],   [],     [],[],    [],
--     [[]],[[1]],[],[],   [],     [],   [],     [],[],    [],
--     [[]],[[1]],[],[[3]],[[3,1]],[],   [],     [],[],    [],
--     [[]],[[1]],[],[[3]],[[3,1]],[[5]],[[5,1]],[],[[5,3]],[[5,3,1]]]
-- Con las cabeceras,
--            0    1     2  3     4       5     6       7  8       9
--    []     [[[]],[],   [],[],   [],     [],   [],     [],[],    [],
--    [1]     [[]],[[1]],[],[],   [],     [],   [],     [],[],    [],
--    [1,3]   [[]],[[1]],[],[[3]],[[3,1]],[],   [],     [],[],    [],
--    [1,3,5] [[]],[[1]],[],[[3]],[[3,1]],[[5]],[[5,1]],[],[[5,3]],[[5,3,1]]]
matrizSubconjuntosSuma3 :: [Int] -> Int -> Array (Int,Int) [[Int]]
matrizSubconjuntosSuma3 xs n = q
  where m = length xs
        v = listArray (1,m) xs
        q = array ((0,0),(m,n)) [((i,j), f i j) | i <- [0..m],
                                                  j <- [0..n]]
        f _ 0 = [[]]
        f 0 _ = []
        f i j | j < v ! i = q ! (i-1,j)
              | otherwise = q ! (i-1,j) ++
                            [v!i:ys | ys <- q ! (i-1,j-v!i)]

-- 4ª definición (ordenando y por recursión)
-- =========================================

subconjuntosSuma4 :: [Int] -> Int -> [[Int]]
subconjuntosSuma4 xs = aux (sort xs)
  where aux _  0 = [[]]
        aux [] _ = []
        aux (y:ys) n
          | y > n     = []
          | otherwise = aux ys n ++ [y:zs | zs <- aux ys (n-y)]

-- 5ª definición (ordenando y dinámica)
-- ====================================

subconjuntosSuma5 :: [Int] -> Int -> [[Int]]
subconjuntosSuma5 xs n =
  matrizSubconjuntosSuma5 (reverse (sort xs)) n ! (length xs,n)

matrizSubconjuntosSuma5 :: [Int] -> Int -> Array (Int,Int) [[Int]]
matrizSubconjuntosSuma5 xs n = q
  where m = length xs
        v = listArray (1,m) xs
        q = array ((0,0),(m,n)) [((i,j), f i j) | i <- [0..m],
                                                  j <- [0..n]]
        f _ 0 = [[]]
        f 0 _ = []
        f i j | v ! i > j = []
              | otherwise = q ! (i-1,j) ++
                            [v!i:ys | ys <- q ! (i-1,j-v!i)]

-- Equivalencia
-- ============

prop_subconjuntosSuma :: [Int] -> Int -> Bool
prop_subconjuntosSuma xs n =
  all (`igual` subconjuntosSuma2 ys m) [ subconjuntosSuma3 ys m
                                       , subconjuntosSuma4 ys m
                                       , subconjuntosSuma5 ys m ]
  where ys = map (\y -> 1 + abs y) xs
        m  = abs n
        ordenado = sort . map sort
        igual xss yss = ordenado xss == ordenado yss

-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheck prop_subconjuntosSuma
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.