segmentos :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]]

   segmentos even [1,2,0,4,9,6,4,5,7,2]  ==  [[2,0,4],[6,4],[2]]
   segmentos odd  [1,2,0,4,9,6,4,5,7,2]  ==  [[1],[9],[5,7]]

import Data.List.Split (splitWhen)
import Test.QuickCheck.HigherOrder (quickCheck')

-- 1ª solución
-- ===========

segmentos1 :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]]
segmentos1 _ [] = []
segmentos1 p (x:xs)
  | p x       = takeWhile p (x:xs) : segmentos1 p (dropWhile p xs)
  | otherwise = segmentos1 p xs

-- 2ª solución
-- ===========

segmentos2 :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]]
segmentos2 p xs = filter (not .null) (splitWhen (not . p) xs)

-- 3ª solución
-- ===========

segmentos3 :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [[a]]
segmentos3 = (filter (not . null) .) . splitWhen . (not .)

-- Comprobación de equivalencia
-- ============================

-- La propiedad es
prop_segmentos :: (Int -> Bool) -> [Int] -> Bool
prop_segmentos p xs =
  all (== segmentos1 p xs)
      [segmentos2 p xs,
       segmentos3 p xs]

-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheck' prop_segmentos
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================

-- La comparación es
--    λ> length (segmentos1 even [1..5*10^6])
--    2500000
--    (2.52 secs, 2,080,591,088 bytes)
--    λ> length (segmentos2 even [1..5*10^6])
--    2500000
--    (0.78 secs, 2,860,591,688 bytes)
--    λ> length (segmentos3 even [1..5*10^6])
--    2500000
--    (0.82 secs, 2,860,592,000 bytes)

from itertools import dropwhile, takewhile
from sys import setrecursionlimit
from timeit import Timer, default_timer
from typing import Callable, TypeVar

from more_itertools import split_at

setrecursionlimit(10**6)

A = TypeVar('A')

# 1ª solución
# ===========

def segmentos1(p: Callable[[A], bool], xs: list[A]) -> list[list[A]]:
    if not xs:
        return []
    if p(xs[0]):
        return [list(takewhile(p, xs))] + \
            segmentos1(p, list(dropwhile(p, xs[1:])))
    return segmentos1(p, xs[1:])

# 2ª solución
# ===========

def segmentos2(p: Callable[[A], bool], xs: list[A]) -> list[list[A]]:
    return list(filter((lambda x: x), split_at(xs, lambda x: not p(x))))

# Comparación de eficiencia
# =========================

def tiempo(e: str) -> None:
    """Tiempo (en segundos) de evaluar la expresión e."""
    t = Timer(e, "", default_timer, globals()).timeit(1)
    print(f"{t:0.2f} segundos")

# La comparación es
#    >>> tiempo('segmentos1(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**4))')
#    0.55 segundos
#    >>> tiempo('segmentos2(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**4))')
#    0.00 segundos