filtraAplica :: (a -> b) -> (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [b]

   filtraAplica (4+) (<3) [1..7]  ==  [5,6]

import Test.QuickCheck.HigherOrder (quickCheck')

-- 1ª solución
-- ===========

filtraAplica1 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [b]
filtraAplica1 f p xs = [f x | x <- xs, p x]

-- 2ª solución
-- ===========

filtraAplica2 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [b]
filtraAplica2 f p xs = map f (filter p xs)

-- 3ª solución
-- ===========

filtraAplica3 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [b]
filtraAplica3 _ _ [] = []
filtraAplica3 f p (x:xs) | p x       = f x : filtraAplica3 f p xs
                         | otherwise = filtraAplica3 f p xs

-- 4ª solución
-- ===========

filtraAplica4 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [b]
filtraAplica4 f p = foldr g []
  where g x y | p x       = f x : y
              | otherwise = y

-- 5ª solución
-- ===========

filtraAplica5 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [b]
filtraAplica5 f p =
  foldr (\x y -> if p x then f x : y else y) []

-- Comprobación de equivalencia
-- ============================

-- La propiedad es
prop_filtraAplica :: (Int -> Int) -> (Int -> Bool) -> [Int] -> Bool
prop_filtraAplica f p xs =
  all (== filtraAplica1 f p xs)
      [filtraAplica2 f p xs,
       filtraAplica3 f p xs,
       filtraAplica4 f p xs,
       filtraAplica5 f p xs]

-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheck' prop_filtraAplica
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================

-- La comparación es
--    λ> sum (filtraAplica1 id even [1..5*10^6])
--    6250002500000
--    (2.92 secs, 1,644,678,696 bytes)
--    λ> sum (filtraAplica2 id even [1..5*10^6])
--    6250002500000
--    (1.17 secs, 1,463,662,848 bytes)
--    λ> sum (filtraAplica3 id even [1..5*10^6])
--    6250002500000
--    (3.18 secs, 1,964,678,640 bytes)
--    λ> sum (filtraAplica4 id even [1..5*10^6])
--    6250002500000
--    (2.64 secs, 1,924,678,752 bytes)
--    λ> sum (filtraAplica5 id even [1..5*10^6])
--    6250002500000
--    (2.61 secs, 1,824,678,712 bytes)

from functools import reduce
from sys import setrecursionlimit
from timeit import Timer, default_timer
from typing import Callable, TypeVar

from hypothesis import given
from hypothesis import strategies as st

setrecursionlimit(10**6)

A = TypeVar('A')
B = TypeVar('B')

# 1ª solución
# ===========

def filtraAplica1(f: Callable[[A], B],
                  p: Callable[[A], bool],
                  xs: list[A]) -> list[B]:
    return [f(x) for x in xs if p(x)]

# 2ª solución
# ===========

def filtraAplica2(f: Callable[[A], B],
                  p: Callable[[A], bool],
                  xs: list[A]) -> list[B]:
    return list(map(f, filter(p, xs)))

# 3ª solución
# ===========

def filtraAplica3(f: Callable[[A], B],
                  p: Callable[[A], bool],
                  xs: list[A]) -> list[B]:
    if not xs:
        return []
    if p(xs[0]):
        return [f(xs[0])] + filtraAplica3(f, p, xs[1:])
    return filtraAplica3(f, p, xs[1:])

# 4ª solución
# ===========

def filtraAplica4(f: Callable[[A], B],
                  p: Callable[[A], bool],
                  xs: list[A]) -> list[B]:
    def g(ys: list[B], x: A) -> list[B]:
        if p(x):
            return ys + [f(x)]
        return ys

    return reduce(g, xs, [])

# 5ª solución
# ===========

def filtraAplica5(f: Callable[[A], B],
                  p: Callable[[A], bool],
                  xs: list[A]) -> list[B]:
    r = []
    for x in xs:
        if p(x):
            r.append(f(x))
    return r

# Comprobación de equivalencia
# ============================

# La propiedad es
@given(st.lists(st.integers()))
def test_filtraAplica(xs: list[int]) -> None:
    def f(x: int) -> int:
        return x + 4
    def p(x: int) -> bool:
        return x < 3
    r = filtraAplica1(f, p, xs)
    assert filtraAplica2(f, p, xs) == r
    assert filtraAplica3(f, p, xs) == r
    assert filtraAplica4(f, p, xs) == r
    assert filtraAplica5(f, p, xs) == r

# La comprobación es
#    src> poetry run pytest -q aplica_segun_propiedad.py
#    1 passed in 0.25s

# Comparación de eficiencia
# =========================

def tiempo(e: str) -> None:
    """Tiempo (en segundos) de evaluar la expresión e."""
    t = Timer(e, "", default_timer, globals()).timeit(1)
    print(f"{t:0.2f} segundos")

# La comparación es
#    >>> tiempo('filtraAplica1(lambda x: x, lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**5))')
#    0.02 segundos
#    >>> tiempo('filtraAplica2(lambda x: x, lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**5))')
#    0.01 segundos
#    >>> tiempo('filtraAplica3(lambda x: x, lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**5))')
#    Process Python violación de segmento (core dumped)
#    >>> tiempo('filtraAplica4(lambda x: x, lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**5))')
#    4.07 segundos
#    >>> tiempo('filtraAplica5(lambda x: x, lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**5))')
#    0.01 segundos
#
#    >>> tiempo('filtraAplica1(lambda x: x, lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**7))')
#    1.66 segundos
#    >>> tiempo('filtraAplica2(lambda x: x, lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**7))')
#    1.00 segundos
#    >>> tiempo('filtraAplica5(lambda x: x, lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10**7))')
#    1.21 segundos